![]() It is used most in the social and behavioral sciences. Structural equation modeling ( SEM) is a label for a diverse set of methods used by scientists in both experimental and observational research across the sciences, business, tourism and other fields. Neither the indicators nor the measurement errors of the indicators are modeled as influencing the latent variables, but they could if the researcher opted to model them. Figure 1 depicts measurement errors influencing each indicator of latent intelligence and each indicator of latent achievement. ![]() Note that the latent IQ variance is fixed at 1 to provide scale to the model. Residuals and variances are drawn as double-headed arrows (shown here) or single arrows and a circle (not use here). Latent variables are normally indicated with ovals and observed variables are shown in rectangles.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |